I am a Software Engineer or I am a PHP Developer

I am a Software Engineer or I am a PHP Developer This was an obvious question among my circle whenever i met with a colleague who was developing applications in PHP. It was hard to explain that if someone is good in R&D or by any means can develop a good application so he is […]

Project Management System Background In fact we were looking for a PMS with an ongoing project perspective. Where there is no deadline or enddate of any project but a start date. Now every month we will perform a no. of tasks and clients could review the progress and reach to us through tickets. There should […]

Utilities Available for ext4 file system e2fsck Used to repair an ext4 file system. This tool checks and repairs an ext4 file system more efficiently than ext3, thanks to updates in the ext4 disk structure. e2label Changes the label on an ext4 file system. This tool also works on ext2 and ext3 file systems. quota […]

The new features included in ext4 file system, which were not present in its previous versions Extended storage limits and other performance improvements Can support volumes with sizes up to 1 exbibyte (EiB) and files with sizes up to 16 tebibytes (TiB) Traditional block mapping scheme replaced by extents used by ext2/3 filesystems. It is […]

Internals of ext4 File System A specialized version of a B-tree is implemented: Htree indexes (a specialized version of a B-tree) are turned on by default in ext4. This feature is implemented in Linux kernel 2.6.23. Htree is also available in ext3 when the dir_index feature is enabled. It enables the ext4 to go beyond […]

How ext4 file system works How it reduce fragmentation? It consists of delaying block allocation until the data is going to be written to the disk, unlike some other file systems, which may allocate the necessary blocks before that step. This improves performance and reduces fragmentation by improving block allocation decisions based on the actual […]

ext4 file system Ext4 is an advanced form of filesytem which is not currently available widely on all operating systems. But still the files with ext4 filesytem can be opened as read only on macintosh and might be on windows. Ext4 comes up with the backward compatibility. But one of its features is delayed allocation, […]

Degree of multiprogramming is increase CPU utilization Multi-programming is affecting CPU utilization and always increases the CPU utilization because it organizes jobs in such ways where CPU executes one job at a time. Meanwhile the remaining jobs kept in memory by operating system. As all the jobs can fit in the memory due to limited […]