Understanding about the concept of LAN topologies

Understanding about the concept of LAN topologies I will explain this concept with the help of an example which was my assignment during MCS 3rd Semester. Query: XYZ Company has two offices in Multan. Each office has 40 systems. Network administrator want to connect both offices, as for as he has no budget issues. Following […]

Multiplexing Multiplexing is used in that situation where we have to combine multiple analog message signals or digital data streams over a shared medium instead of dedicated medium. The situation in fact comes up with sharing of the same medium for more than one purpose. Such a way it divides the capacity of the low-level […]

The overall data transmission rate with disk drive latency 7 ms, and a burst bandwidth of 2 MB per second Query: A 4 K byte block of data is read from a disk drive. What is the overall data transmission rate if the disk drive has a latency of 7 ms, and a burst bandwidth […]

The fraction of CPU time handling the data transfer with and without DMA Query: An I/O device transfers data at a rate of 5MB/s over a 100MB/s bus. The data is transferred in 2KB blocks. If the processor operates at 500MHz, and it takes a total of 5000 cycles to handle each DMA request, find […]

Synchronous Interrupts – Examples Software interrupts on the contrary are not generated from outside the processor. They just provide an extended far call mechanism. As we have discussed that the real interrupts are hardware interrupts so all the outside interrupts which are not because of hardware, those are software interrupts and we call them synchronous […]

Synchronous Interrupts Synchronous events are those that occur side by side with another activity Synchronous means that the interrupt has nothing to do with the currently executing instruction and the current state of the processor.

Asynchronous Interrupts – Examples Hardware interrupts are generally asynchronous, meaning they can occur at any time and rarely do they occur at the same spot in a program. An interrupt is an asynchronous procedure call the CPU generates in response to an external hardware signal. Hardware interrupts are the real interrupts generated by the external […]

Asynchronous Interrupts Interrupts are asynchronous and unpredictable. Asynchronous means that the interrupts occur, independent of the working of the processor, i.e. independent of the instruction currently executing. Interrupts must be asynchronous as they are generated by the external world which is unaware of the happenings inside the processor. True interrupts that occur in real time […]